Implementasi Kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka dan Dampaknya terhadap Kualitas Pembelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Main Article Content
Zainun Zainun
Muhamad Arifin
The Merdeka Curriculum (Independent Curriculum) emerges as a strategic response to the need for a more adaptive and learner-centered transformation of Indonesia’s national education system. At the senior high school level, this policy requires institutional readiness, competent educators, and well-aligned supporting regulations. This study aims to analyze the implementation, benefits, challenges, and policy directions underlying the adoption of the Merdeka Curriculum in senior high schools. Employing a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach, data were collected from academic literature, official reports issued by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology, as well as findings from relevant previous studies. The analysis explored the interrelation between policy design, classroom implementation, and its impact on the quality of learning in senior high schools. The findings reveal that the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum is being carried out gradually, depending on the readiness of human resources and school infrastructure. The curriculum offers teachers greater flexibility in designing contextual learning while promoting collaboration among schools, parents, and the community. Nonetheless, several challenges remain, including disparities in school readiness, limited pedagogical and digital competencies among teachers, and the need for continuous evaluation of policy effectiveness. The Merdeka Curriculum has shown positive impacts on post-pandemic learning recovery and the strengthening of students’ Pancasila character values. Its success largely depends on coherent policies, improved teacher competencies, and systemic support from multiple stakeholders. The implication is that the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum should be accompanied by the continuous capacity building of schools and teachers to ensure a sustainable learning movement that remains relevant to the dynamics of 21st-century education.
Alfurqan, & Khairara. (2023). Analisis Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam Kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Ulakan Tapakis Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. ITQAN: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kependidikan, 14(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.47766/itqan.v14i1.1457.
Annabila, S., Sunarni, S., & Juharyanto, J. (2023). Kurikulum Merdeka di Sekolah Penggerak: Sumbangan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah dan Budaya Sekolah terhadap Kinerja Guru Tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP). JAMP: Jurnal Administrasi dan Manajemen Pendidikan, 6(4), 340-353. https://journal-fip.um.ac.id/index.php/jamp/article/view/1631.
Arifin, Z. (2019). Konsep dan Model Pengembangan Kurikulum. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Arikunto, S. (2016). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Rineka Cipta.
Aulia, D., Hadiyanto, & Rusdinal. (2023). Analisis Kebijakan Kurikulum Merdeka Melalui Implementasi Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Pengembangan Sekolah Dasar (JP2SD), 11(1), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.22219/jp2sd.v11i1.25923.
Beauchamp, G. A. (2018). Curriculum Theory: Meaning, Development, and Use. Peacock Publishers.
Chaniago, S., Yeni, D. F., & Setiawati, M. (2022). Analisis Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X pada Mata Pelajaran Geografi di MAN I Koto Baru. Sultra Educational Journal, 2(3), 184–191. https://doi.org/10.54297/seduj.v2i3.400.
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Research Design: Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, Kuantitatif, dan Campuran. Pustaka Pelajar.
Dirjen Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, Pendidikan Dasar, dan Pendidikan Menengah. (2022). Panduan Pengembangan Kurikulum Operasional di Satuan Pendidikan. Kemendikbudristek.
Faiz, A., Pratama, A., & Kurniawaty, I. (2022). Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi dalam Program Guru Penggerak pada Modul 2.1. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(2), 2846–2853. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i2.2504.
Hamalik, O. (2017). Dasar-Dasar Pengembangan Kurikulum. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Hutabarat, H., Harahap, M. S., & Elindra, R. (2022). Analisis penerapan kurikulum merdeka belajar di SMA Negeri Sekota Padangsidimpuan. JURNAL MathEdu (Mathematic Education Journal), 5(3), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.37081/mathedu.v5i3.3962.
Ihsan, F. (2016). Dasar-Dasar Kependidikan. Rineka Cipta.
Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. SAGE Publications.
Lince, L. (2022). Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar pada Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Pusat Keunggulan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan IAIM Sinjai, 1, 38–49. https://www.journal.uiad.ac.id/index.php/SENTIKJAR/article/view/829.
Mailani, I., Nazir, M., & Zein, M. U. (2023). Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik Kepala Sekolah dan Profesionalitas Guru Terhadap Kualitas Pembelajaran. Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan, 12(4), 1061-1076. https://jurnaldidaktika.org/contents/article/view/314.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE Publications.
Muhafid, E. A., & Retnawati, H. (2023). Persiapan Guru SD untuk Menerapkan Kurikulum Merdeka Tahun 2022: Sebuah Studi Fenomenologi. CERMIN: Jurnal Penelitian, 6(2), 637–652. https://doi.org/10.36841/cermin_unars.v6i2.2566.
Mulyasa, E. (2022). Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka. Bumi Aksara.
Mulyono, R., & Sulistyani, F. (2022). Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka (IKM) Sebagai Sebuah Pilihan bagi Satuan Pendidikan: Kajian Pustaka. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 8(2), 1999-2019. https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v8i2.506.
Nasution, A. F., Ningsih, S., Silva, M. F., Suharti, L., & Harahap, J. P. (2023). Konsep dan Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka. COMPETITIVE: Journal of Education, 2(3), 201-211. https://doi.org/10.58355/competitive.v2i3.37.
Nasution, S. (2015). Pengembangan Kurikulum. Citra Aditya Bakti.
Pahlevi, M. R., Habiburrahman, N., Muttaqin, M. Z., & Pekei, M. (2021). Efektivitas Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek dengan Tema Lingkungan Lokal untuk Mengembangkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Jurnal Pembelajaran dan Riset Pendidikan, 1(2), 609-616. https://ojs.unublitar.ac.id/index.php/jprp/article/view/1714.
Pawartani, T., & Suciptaningsih, O. A. (2024). Pengembangan Kompetensi Guru untuk Mendukung Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(3), 2182–2191. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v7i3.3478.
Pribadi, R. A., Syahid, S. A., & Putri, A. O. (2023). Peran Guru Sebagai Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila dalam Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar. DIKDAS MATAPPA: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Dasar, 6(3), 729-736. https://journal.matappa.ac.id/index.php/dikdas/article/view/2953.
Puspitasari, R., Rahmah, F. N., Nugroho, A. A., Khamidah, F. N., & Sutrimo, M. S. (2018). Analisis Kesiapan Sekolah terhadap Perubahan Kurikulum Studi Kasus SMK Perindustrian Yogyakarta dan SMA Negeri 5 Yogyakarta. Idaarah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 2(2), 280–288. https://doi.org/10.24252/idaarah.v2i2.6843
Ramadhan, I., & Warneri, W. (2023). Migrasi Kurikulum: Kurikulum 2013 Menuju Kurikulum Merdeka pada SMA Swasta Kapuas Pontianak. EDUKATIF: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(2), 751–758. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v5i2.4760.
Sa’diyah, I. S., Oktavia, R., Bisyara, R. S., & Badrudin, B. (2023). Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar Jenjang SMA. Khazanah Multidisiplin, 4(2), 348–362. https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/kl/article/view/28436.
Salabi, A. S. (2020). Efektivitas dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Sekolah. Education Achievement: Journal of Science and Research. https://doi.org/10.28926/jprp.v1i2.1714.
Sari, Y. G., Putra, B. E., Miranti, Y., & Setiawati, M. (2022). Hubungan Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Siswa dengan Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar Kelas X DI SMA 1 IX Koto Sungai Lasi. JUPEIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial, 1(4), 131–138. https://doi.org/10.57218/jupeis.Vol1.Iss4.375.
Tilaar, H. A. R. (2012). Perubahan Sosial dan Pendidikan: Pengantar Pedagogik Transformatif untuk Indonesia. Rineka Cipta.
Tyler, R. W. (2013). Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction. University of Chicago Press.
Utia, M., Mas, S. R., & Suking, A. (2024). Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka dalam Meningkatkan Kemandirian Belajar Siswa. Equity In Education Journal, 6(2), 69–76. https://doi.org/10.37304/eej.v6i2.15511.
Yusuf, M. (2023). Inovasi pendidikan abad-21: Perspektif, Tantangan, dan Praktik Terkini. Selat Media.
Zed, M. (2014). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
