Preventing Bullying in Integrated Islamic Boarding Schools of Lhokseumawe City: A Strategic Management Approach
Main Article Content
Said Alwi
Muhammad Iqbal
Nur Hidayahtul Nabihah Manas
Abstact: This study aims to analyze the role of Islamic boarding school residents in preventing bullying behaviour among students in integrated boarding schools in the city of Lhokseumawe. This research adopts a qualitative research design with a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques are carried out through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research informants consist of the Islamic boarding school leaders and caregiving staff. Data validity is ensured through source verification techniques. Data analysis is conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Bullying behaviour in Dayah Terpadu Ulumuddin and Pesantren Misbahul Ulum Integrated Boarding Schools is prevented by the boarding schools’ authorities through measures such as reprimanding, advising, punishment, and involving parents. However, the psychological approach has not been fully implemented due to the lack of counselling teachers in the boarding school. The boarding schools’ authorities provide guidance and advice to bullying victims. Some bullying behaviours are considered normal among the students, such as teasing and using nicknames. This behaviour will receive less attention from the boarding school authorities. However, if the bullying involves physical violence, the victim will receive special attention.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran warga pesantren dalam pencegahan perilaku bulliying pada santri di pesantren terpadu Kota Lhokseumawe. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian ini terdiri dari pimpinan dayah, bidang pengasuhan. Pemeriksaaan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan teknik pemeriksaan melalui sumber. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan cara reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Perilaku bullying di Dayah Terpadu Ulumuddin dan Misbahul Ulum dicegah oleh pihak dayah terhadap pelaku bullying, yaitu memberikan teguran, nasihat, hukuman, dan pemanggilan orang tua, sedangkan pendekatan psikologis belum dilaksanakan secara maksimal karena belum tersedianya guru bimbingan konseling di dayah. Tindakan pihak dayah terhadap korban bullying berupa pembinaan dan pemberian nasihat. Perilaku bullying yang dianggap wajar terjadi, seperti mengejek dan memanggil dengan nama julukan kurang mendapat perhatian dari pihak dayah. Akan tetapi, jika bullying yang bersifat fisik seperti pemukulan, korban akan mendapat perhatian khusus.
Aini, L. N. (2021). Pendekatan Behavioral Pada Santri Untuk Menangani Dampak Bullying di Pondok Pesantren Thoriqul Huda Ponorogo. IAIN Ponorogo. http://etheses.iainponorogo.ac.id/14363/
Asmanto, E. (2015). Revitalisasi Spiritualitas Ekologi Perspektif Pendidikan Islam. TSAQAFAH, 11(2), 333. https://doi.org/10.21111/tsaqafah.v11i2.272
Bandur, A. (2018). Stakeholders’ Responses to School-Based Management in Indonesia. International Journal of Educational Management, 32(6), 1082–1098. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-08-2017-0191
Bandura, A. (2018). Toward a Psychology of Human Agency: Pathways and Reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 130–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617699280
Bandura, A. (2019). Applying Theory for Human Betterment. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(1), 12–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691618815165
Bandura, A. (2021). Psychological Modeling: Conflicting Theories. Routledge.
Bhatt, S. (2015). Book Review: Manohar Pawar, Social and Community Development Practice. Social Change, 45(3), 511–513. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049085715589510
Chahal, K. (2022). Communication and Interpersonal Skills. In Supporting Victims of Hate Crime (pp. 77–94). Bristol University Press. https://doi.org/10.46692/9781447329732.007
Dacholfany, M. I. (2015). Leadership Style in Character Education at The Darussalam Gontor Islamic Boarding. Al-Ulum, 15(2), 447. https://doi.org/10.30603/au.v15i2.212
Darrow, S. (2021). Maintenance Work: Interrogating the Sociology of Art. Sociology Compass, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.12904
Dave, A., Raghavan, V., & Solanki, D. (2012). Centrality of Field Action in Social Work Education: A Case for Socio-legal Work. Social Change, 42(4), 451–466. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049085712468133
Donoghue, C., & Pascoe, C. J. (2023). A Sociology of Bullying: Placing Youth Aggression in Social Context. Sociology Compass, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.13071
Dubin, R. (2017). The World of Work: Industrial Society and Human Relations. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315201221
Edwards, M. (2011). Introduction: Civil Society and the Geometry of Human Relations. In The Oxford handbook of civil society.
Emilda, E. (2022). Bullying di Pesantren: Jenis, Bentuk, Faktor, dan Upaya Pencegahannya. Sustainable Jurnal Kajian Mutu Pendidikan, 5(2), 198–207. https://doi.org/10.32923/kjmp.v5i2.2751
Fauzia, Y. R. (2021). Bullying at School : What are the Motives and Causes ? Proceeding of the 1 St International Conference on Social Sciences and Education (ICSSE 2021), Icsse, 13–14.
Gaffney, H., Ttofi, M. M., & Farrington, D. P. (2021). Effectiveness of School‐Based Programs to Reduce Bullying Perpetration and Victimization: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/cl2.1143
Georges, C. M., & Tomlinson-Clarke, S. M. (2015). Integrating Positive Psychology Into Counseling Psychology Doctoral Education. The Counseling Psychologist, 43(5), 752–788. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000015584067
Hartlep, N. D., Hensley, B. O., Wells, K. E., Brewer, T. J., Ball, D., & McLaren, P. (2017). Homophily in higher education: Historicizing the AERA member-to-fellow pipeline using theories of social reproduction and social networks. Policy Futures in Education, 15(6), 670–694. https://doi.org/10.1177/1478210317715815
Harvey, A. G., Lee, J., Williams, J., Hollon, S. D., Walker, M. P., Thompson, M. A., & Smith, R. (2014). Improving Outcome of Psychosocial Treatments by Enhancing Memory and Learning. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(2), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614521781
Juvonen, J., Graham, S., & ... (2014). Bullying in Schools: The Power of Bullies and the Plight of Victims. Annual Review of Psychology, 65(1), 159–185. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115030
Kazumi, T., & Kawai, N. (2017). Institutional Support and Women’s Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(3), 345–365. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-12-2017-041
Liu, X.-Y., Härtel, C. E. J., & Sun, J. J.-M. (2014). The Workgroup Emotional Climate Scale. Group & Organization Management, 39(6), 626–663. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601114554453
Magyar-Moe, J. L., Owens, R. L., & Conoley, C. W. (2015). Positive Psychological Interventions in Counseling. The Counseling Psychologist, 43(4), 508–557. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000015573776
McKee, H., Gohar, B., Appleby, R., Nowrouzi-Kia, B., Hagen, B. N. M., & Jones-Bitton, A. (2021). High Psychosocial Work Demands, Decreased Well-Being, and Perceived Well-Being Needs Within Veterinary Academia During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.746716
Morris, E. K. (2014). BF Skinner: A Behavior Analyst in Educational Psychology. In Educational psychology: A century of contributions (pp. 229–250). Routledge.
Nashiruddin, A. (2019). Fenomena Bullying di Pondok Pesantren Al-Hikmah Kajen Pati. QUALITY, 7(2), 81. https://doi.org/10.21043/quality.v7i2.6295
Nguyen, N. N., Le, T. T., Thi Nguyen, B.-P., & Nguyen, A. (2022). Examining Effects of Students’ Innovative Behaviour and Problem-Solving Skills on Crisis Management Self-Efficacy: Policy Implications for Higher Education. Policy Futures in Education, 147821032211338. https://doi.org/10.1177/14782103221133892
Noboru, T., Amalia, E., Hernandez, P. M. R., Nurbaiti, L., Affarah, W. S., Nonaka, D., Takeuchi, R., Kadriyan, H., & Kobayashi, J. (2021). School‐Based Education to Prevent Bullying in High Schools in Indonesia. Pediatrics International, 63(4), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.14475
Nurlelah, N. (2019). Dampak Bullying Terhadap Kesehatan Mental Santri (Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Darul Muttaqien Parung). Fikrah: Journal of Islamic Education, 3(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32507/fikrah.v3i1.448
Pasban, M., & Nojedeh, S. H. (2016). A Review of the Role of Human Capital in the Organization. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 230, 249–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.032
Perkins, S. J., & Arvinen-Muondo, R. (2013). Organizational Behaviour: People, Process, Work and Human Resource Management. Kogan Page Publishers.
Prasetyo, M. A. M. (2022). Hubungan Manusiawi Manajemen Pendidikan Dalam Kajian Perilaku Organisasi. PENCERAHAN, 16(1), 54–77. http://www.jurnalpencerahan.org/index.php/jp/article/view/69
Prasetyo, M. A. M., Fadlin, I., & Madman, R. (2023). Towards A Bully-Free Pesantren: The Role of Educational Management With Adaptive Psychology and Mental Health Interventions. At-Ta’dib, 18(1), 90–105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21111/attadib.v18i1.9458
Prasetyo, M. A. M., Salabi, A. S., & .... (2022). Multikriteria Analisis untuk Pengembangan Berkelanjutan Organisasi Pembelajaran. Southeast Asian Journal of Islamic Education Management, 3(1), 157–176. https://doi.org/10.21154/sajiem.v3i1.96
Putra, H. R., Aini Safitri, & Fadhlur Rahman Armi. (2021). Pola Komunikasi Pemimpin Terhadap Tingkat Kepatuhan Anak Didik. Idarah (Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kependidikan), 5(2), 127–142. https://doi.org/10.47766/idarah.v5i2.93
Putrisari, F., Hambali, I. M., & Handarini, D. M. (2017). Hubungan Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem dan Perilaku Prokrastinasi Siswa Madrasah Aliyah Negeri di Malang Raya. 1(1), 60–68. https://doi.org/10.26539/1112
Raihani. (2011). A Whole-School Approach: A Proposal for Education for Tolerance in Indonesia. Theory and Research in Education, 9(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477878510394806
Schauman, O., MacLeod, A. K., Thornicroft, G., & Clement, S. (2019). Mental Illness Related Discrimination: The Role of Self-Devaluation and Anticipated Discrimination for Decreased Well-Being. Stigma and Health, 4(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/sah0000117
Schott, R. M., & Søndergaard, D. M. (2014). School Bullying: New Theories in Context. Cambridge University Press.
Singh, K. (2015). Organizational Behaviour: Text and Cases. Vikas Publishing House.
Skinner, C., Von Essen, L., Mersham, G. M., & Motau, S. (2010). The Handbook of Public Relations. Oxford University Press. http://hdl.handle.net/11072/511
Szabo, T. G. (2020). Equity and Diversity in Behavior Analysis: Lessons From Skinner (1945). Behavior Analysis in Practice, 13(2), 375–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40617-020-00414-1
Tordjman, S. (2022). School Bullying and Group Violence: How to Occupy a Place in the Group by Exclusion. L’Encéphale, 48, S19–S29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2022.08.002
Ulum, M. M. (2021). Sirkulasi Sosiologis dan Psikologis dalam Fenomena Bullying di Pesantren. Islamic Review: Jurnal Riset Dan Kajian Keislaman, 10(2), 191–204. https://doi.org/10.35878/islamicreview.v10i2.285
Uzunboylu, H., Baglama, B., Özer, N., Kucuktamer, T., & Kuimova, M. V. (2017). Opinions of School Counselors about Bullying in Turkish High Schools. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 45(6), 1043–1055. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6632
Winarni, I., & Lestari, R. (2016). Eksplorasi Fenomena Korban Bullying pada Kesehatan Jiwa Remaja di Pesantren. Journal of Nursing Science Update (JNSU), 4(2), 99–113. https://jik.ub.ac.id/index.php/jik/article/view/98
Wong, Y. J. (2015). The Psychology of Encouragement. The Counseling Psychologist, 43(2), 178–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000014545091
Yukl, G. (1971). Toward a Behavioral Theory of Leadership. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 6(4), 414–440. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(71)90026-2
Zainal, S. (2022). The Impact of Anti-Violence Law on Changes in Santri Organization at Modern Islamic Boarding Schools (Pesantren). Idarah (Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kependidikan), 6(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.47766/idarah.v6i1.452
