The Ulama and Ijtihad Issue in Contemporary Indonesia: Perspectives of Al Washliyah Madrasah Teachers on Ulama and Their Ijtihad

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the perspectives of Al Washliyah madrasah teachers regarding the role of kitab kuning (classical Islamic texts) in shaping scholars (ulama) and its impact on the ideological dominance within the Al Washliyah community. This qualitative research employs a sociological approach. Antonio Gramsci's theory of hegemony is utilized to understand how mastery of kitab kuning by Al Washliyah scholars reinforces their cultural dominance. The teachers of Al Washliyah madrasahs view the ability to read and comprehend kitab kuning as the primary criterion for a scholar, which serves as a distinctive hallmark of Al Washliyah education. The kitab kuning is regarded as the main source of Islamic knowledge, essential for dakwah and addressing religious issues. Education in Madrasah Muallimin and al-Qismul ‘Aly aims to produce scholars capable of continuing the organization’s mission. Al Washliyah prioritizes scholars who master religious knowledge through kitab kuning, differing from institutions like IAIN. According to their view, ijtihad is challenging to achieve, making it necessary for the community to adhere to (taqlid) the earlier scholars (ulama salaf). Mastery of kitab kuning strengthens Al Washliyah’s cultural dominance, reflecting the authority of classical scholars in social and religious life