Indonesian Ulama and Islamic Astronomy in Modern Times

Abstract

This study explores the contributions of scholars in the field of Ilmu Falak (Islamic astronomy) in North Sumatra to the development of Islamic sciences, particularly in determining prayer times and the Hijri calendar. Figures such as Syaikh Hasan Ma'shum, Bustami Ibrahim, Abdullah Afifuddin, TM Ali Muda, Nurben Tanjung, and Lahmuddin Nasution produced significant works such as perpetual prayer time schedules and hisab formulas, facilitating the practice of worship for Muslims. This library research method uses historical and sociological approaches, and this study analyzes their contributions through Talcott Parsons' social role theory. The findings reveal their roles encompassed adaptation, goal attainment, integration, and pattern maintenance within the social system. In addition to supporting religious practices, their contributions enriched Islamic scholarly traditions and harmonized traditional values with modern needs. This study underscores the importance of further research to uncover other figures to enhance the legacy of Ilmu Falak in North Sumatra.